The Major Influence on the Timing of Puberty Is:

Autumn-born heifers attain puberty at younger ages than do spring-born heifers and exposure to spring-summer temperatures and photoperiods during the second 6 mo of life reduces age at puberty regardless of season of birth. The weight-of-the-evidence evaluation of human and animal studies suggest that endocrine-disrupting chemicals particularly the estrogen mimics and antiandrogens and body fat are important factors associated in altered puberty timing.

Early Puberty Is Associated With Higher Academic Achievement In Boys And Girls And Partially Explains Academic Sex Differences Journal Of Adolescent Health

Puberty is an important developmental stage during which reproductive capacity is attained.

. This review article summarizes the current understanding of the major environmental influences on pubertal timing focusing on factors for which the most scientific evidence exists. Seasonal conditions of the early birth to 6 mo of age and late 6 to 12 mo of age postnatal periods also influence timing of puberty onset in the heifer. Timing of puberty is controlled to a large degree by genes that activate gonadotropin-releasing hormone and the cascade of hormones that influence height and weight.

Nutrition and season are two of the better-defined variables that have been. Franeblingnottinghamacuk Abstract Puberty is the attainment of fertility a. However the underlying mechanism triggering puberty is still unknown.

Malnutrition as seen in anorexic patients and chronic diseases with malabsorption or diseases with systemic effects result in a delayed onset of puberty. Lifestyle environment factors affect the timing of pubertal onset. The critical event seems to be a prepubertal increase in pulsatile LH secretion.

Current literature suggests that there has been a decline in the ages of pubertal onset and that pubertal development is influenced by social context 7. REPRODUCTION REVIEW The neuroendocrine timing of puberty Francis J P Ebling School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Neuroscience University of Nottingham Medical School Queens Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH UK Correspondence should be addressed to F Ebling. Tempo may be influenced by different factors such as prenatal growth van.

A change in the timing of puberty markers was considered adverse from a public health perspective. Multiple factors time puberty odic cues may also influence growth and metabo- lism 2 3 25 28 36 thus the potential exists for indirect ef- This review will focus on recent developments in under- fects of photoperiod on the timing of puberty by means standing the role of photoperiod and in particular that of altered growth and body. 48 49 Particular attention has been paid to two types of environmental factor.

Since there is a normal variation of 45 years in the timing of onset of puberty in healthy humans Parent et al 2003 pubertal development is partially dissociable from chronological age. In boys a low birth weight tended to be associated with a later development. Both genetic and environmental factors undoubtedly influence puberty timing said lead study author Dr.

However although genetic variation is known to influence the normal spectrum of pubertal timing the specific genes involved remain unknown. Environment influences timing of puberty onset in beef heifers. Environment and lifestyle factors play as major a factor as genes in deciding when.

An individuals genetics have been identified as the primary determinant of the timing of pubertal onset and the tempo of progression. Genetic and environmental factors both influence the timing of puberty which varies greatly among individuals. Lower protein intakes and higher dietary fiber intakes as occur with typical vegetarian diets are associated with later onset and slower progression of female puberty.

Menarcheal age also tended to be earlier. 5 Although genetic factors remain the major determinant of pubertal timing 6 the secular trend for earlier onset of puberty has coincided with improved public health and nutrition. A decline in timing of puberty may be of concern as early puberty may be causally related to later diseases in adulthood such as obesity diabetes mellitus cardiovascular diseases testicular cancer and breast cancer7 8 9 10 This calls for continued surveillance for secular trends in pubertal timing.

Multiple organizations have endorsed the need to study and provide clinical awareness regarding the effect of a childs environment on pubertal timing. Although available dietary energy simple calories is the most important dietary influence on timing of puberty quality of the diet plays a role as well. Examining brain development in relation to pubertal maturation may provide additional information regarding the mechanisms associated with adolescent brain development.

However it is known that many other aspects of an individuals life and environment will affect this developmental stage 15 29. Environmental influences on pubertal timing are apparent in well-documented patterns of socioeconomic variation within populations and in the changes in pubertal timing that often accompany migration or other movement between ecological and socioeconomic conditions. In such studies a practical marker that reflects timing of puberty in both genders needs to be used.

The timing of puberty is influenced by several factors such as genetic background nutritional status socioeconomic background climate ambient temperatures and photo period and environmental chemicals such as bisphenol A. This study was aimed to estimate a wide range of pubertal markers. The study suggests that the timing of puberty and how fast or slow it progresses may be governed by different endocrine processes.

The timing of puberty effect a accounts for gender differences in activity from PSYCH 3315 at University of Texas Arlington. We have observed an earlier onset of puberty in girls with low birth weight. Changes in the timing of puberty have been an area of great research interest in developed countries for decades because of its associated health and psychosocial problems.

Research conducted during the past 20 yr has documented the major endocrine events leading to first ovulation in heifers. But part of a wider chain of events in which pre-pubertal adiposity influences puberty timing which then further influences adiposity. We investigated genetic and environmental influences on pubertal timing by using change in the relative height between early and late adolescence HDSDS height difference in standard deviations as a new marker of pubertal timing.

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